{"id":16338,"date":"2014-10-28T08:22:03","date_gmt":"2014-10-28T05:22:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/?page_id=16338"},"modified":"2026-03-31T17:15:48","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T14:15:48","slug":"gallbladder-and-extrahepatic-bile-ducts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/general-surgery-articles\/gallbladder-and-extrahepatic-bile-ducts\/","title":{"rendered":"Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Bile Ducts"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-16338\" class=\"panel-layout\"><div id=\"pg-16338-0\" class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\"><div id=\"pgc-16338-0-0\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div id=\"panel-16338-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_black-studio-tinymce widget_black_studio_tinymce panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"0\"><div class=\"textwidget\"><figure id=\"attachment_15621\" class=\"thumbnail wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 1024px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gallbladder-and-gastrointestinal-tract.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-15621 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gallbladder-and-gastrointestinal-tract.jpeg\" alt=\"Gallbladder and gastrointestinal tract\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gallbladder-and-gastrointestinal-tract.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gallbladder-and-gastrointestinal-tract-720x540.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gallbladder-and-gastrointestinal-tract-768x576.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption wp-caption-text\">Gallbladder and gastrointestinal tract<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"panel-group\" id=\"accordionname18\"><div class=\"panel panel-default panel-even\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><a class=\"accordion-toggle \" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordionname18\" href=\"#collapse180\"><h5><i class=\"icon-minus primary-color\"><\/i><i class=\"icon-plus\"><\/i>CONTENTS<\/h5><\/a><\/div><div id=\"collapse180\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse in\"><div class=\"panel-body postclass\">\n<div class=\"kt-simple-box\" style=\"background-color:rgba(236, 246, 255, 1); min-height:1px; padding-top:15px; padding-bottom:15px; padding-left:15px; padding-right:15px; \"><div class=\"kt-simple-box-inner\">\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#gallbladder-and-bile-duct-anatomy\">Gallbladder and Bile Duct Anatomy<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#gallbladder-anatomy\">Gallbladder Anatomy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#bile-duct-anatomy\">&nbsp;Bile Duct Anatomy<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#gallbladder-disease\">Gallbladder Disease<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#biliary-tract-disease\">Biliary Tract Disease<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#extrahepatic-bile-duct-cancers\">Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancers<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"hrule clearfix\" style=\" height:1px\"><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"gallbladder-and-bile-duct-anatomy\">1. Gallbladder and Bile Duct Anatomy<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_15617\" class=\"thumbnail wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 1024px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gallbladder-and-extrahepatic-bile-ducts.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-15617 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gallbladder-and-extrahepatic-bile-ducts.jpeg\" alt=\"Gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gallbladder-and-extrahepatic-bile-ducts.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gallbladder-and-extrahepatic-bile-ducts-720x540.jpeg 720w, https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/gallbladder-and-extrahepatic-bile-ducts-768x576.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"caption wp-caption-text\">Gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"hrule clearfix\" style=\" height:1px\"><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"gallbladder-anatomy\">Gallbladder Anatomy<\/h3>\n<p>The gallbladder is a pear-shaped, 7-10 cm long, 30-50 ml capacity sac. The gallbladder is attached to the <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;h1&amp;gt;Anterior&amp;lt;\/h1&amp;gt;\nAnterior refers to &amp;quot;front&rdquo;, &amp;quot;in front of&rdquo;, or &amp;quot;close to the front&rdquo;. In human anatomy, it refers to the front surface of the body or...&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/medical-dictionary\/anterior\/ &gt;Read more&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/medical-dictionary\/anterior\/\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">anterior<\/a> and inferior surfaces of the liver. The gallbladder is histologically different from other gastrointestinal organs; it lacks the muscularis mucosa and submucosa. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver and concentrates it by absorbing water. The gallbladder contracts and empties the concentrated bile into the duodenum when food is consumed. Despite its name, the gallbladder does not produce bile itself.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"bile-duct-anatomy\">Bile Duct Anatomy<\/h3>\n<p>Extrahepatic bile ducts consist of the right and left hepatic ducts, the main hepatic duct, the cystic duct, and the common bile duct. The hepatic duct is 1&ndash;4 cm long. The cystic duct is joined to the hepatic duct to form the common bile duct. The common duct joins the main pancreatic duct (Wirsung) before opening into the duodenum. This biliopancreatic common channel runs inside the duodenal wall for 1 to 2 cm. The biliopancreatic common channel is wider just before it opens the duodenum (Ampulla Vater). Here, the mucosa of the duodenum is raised (Papilla Vater, duodenal papilla).<\/p>\n<div class=\"hrule clearfix\" style=\" height:1px\"><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"gallbladder-disease\">2. Gallbladder Disease<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Gallstones (cholelithiasis)<\/strong> are the most common gallbladder disease. Gallstones can cause abdominal pain and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Sudden onset and rapidly intensifying (acute illness).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Acute is the opposite of chronic. Sometimes, the words acute or chronic are added to...&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/medical-dictionary\/acute\/ &gt;Read more&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/medical-dictionary\/acute\/\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">acute<\/a> cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder).<\/p>\n<p><strong><a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Sudden onset and rapidly intensifying (acute illness).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Acute is the opposite of chronic. Sometimes, the words acute or chronic are added to...&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/medical-dictionary\/acute\/ &gt;Read more&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/medical-dictionary\/acute\/\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Acute<\/a> cholecystitis<\/strong> can be treated either with antibiotics or <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;h1&amp;gt;Surgery&amp;lt;\/h1&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Surgery&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Latin: chirurgiae, &amp;quot;done by hand&amp;quot;) removes, repairs, or replaces damaged or diseased tissue in the body using manual or...&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/medical-dictionary\/surgery\/ &gt;Read more&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/medical-dictionary\/surgery\/\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">surgery<\/a>. <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;ol&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Sudden onset and rapidly intensifying (acute illness).&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;\n \t&amp;lt;li&amp;gt;Acute is the opposite of chronic. Sometimes, the words acute or chronic are added to...&amp;lt;\/li&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/ol&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/medical-dictionary\/acute\/ &gt;Read more&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/medical-dictionary\/acute\/\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Acute<\/a> cholecystitis can result in gallbladder gangrene, empyema (a pus-filled gallbladder), and perforation.<\/p>\n<p>Gallstones, if they fall into the biliary tract, cause obstructive jaundice and biliary pancreatitis.<\/p>\n<p>Although rare, gallbladder inflammation without gallstones may occur and is called <strong>acalculous cholecystitis<\/strong>. Acalculous cholecystitis is common in the elderly and debilitated patients. It is extremely dangerous and easily perforates.<\/p>\n<p>Rarely, the gallbladder does not work properly, causing abdominal pain (<strong>biliary dyskinesia<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<p>Gallbladder polyps are usually detected incidentally during ultrasonography. Some authors recommend cholecystectomy for gallbladder polyps larger than 7 mm, while others recommend 10 mm.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hrule clearfix\" style=\" height:1px\"><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"biliary-tract-disease\">3. Biliary Tract Disease<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Bile duct stones (choledocholithiasis)<\/strong> are the most common biliary tract diseases. The origin of a biliary stone is almost always a stone that falls out of the gallbladder, called the secondary bile duct stone. Bile duct stones rarely develop inside the biliary tract and are called primary bile duct stones. Bile duct stones (choledocholithiasis) can cause jaundice (due to bile duct obstruction), cholangitis (biliary tract inflammation), and pancreatitis (a stone sitting on the bulb).<\/p>\n<p>The most common cause of bile duct strictures today is gallbladder and biliary tract <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;h1&amp;gt;Surgery&amp;lt;\/h1&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Surgery&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Latin: chirurgiae, &amp;quot;done by hand&amp;quot;) removes, repairs, or replaces damaged or diseased tissue in the body using manual or...&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/medical-dictionary\/surgery\/ &gt;Read more&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/medical-dictionary\/surgery\/\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">surgery<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Primary sclerosing cholangitis is characterized by multiple intrahepatic and\/or extrahepatic bile duct strictures. Normal or slightly dilated segments are also observed. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is an autoimmune disease (the body attacks its own tissues).<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"extrahepatic-bile-duct-cancers\">Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancers<\/h3>\n<p>Extrahepatic bile duct cancers are traditionally classified into three types:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gallbladder cancer<\/li>\n<li>Extrahepatic biliary tract cancer<\/li>\n<li>Ampulla of Vater cancer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Gallbladder cancers are rare but deadly cancers. Approximately half of gallbladder cancers can still be detected during cholecystectomy <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;h1&amp;gt;Surgery&amp;lt;\/h1&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Surgery&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; (Latin: chirurgiae, &amp;quot;done by hand&amp;quot;) removes, repairs, or replaces damaged or diseased tissue in the body using manual or...&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryTooltipMoreLinkWrapper&gt;&lt;a class=glossaryTooltipMoreLink href=https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/medical-dictionary\/surgery\/ &gt;Read more&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/medical-dictionary\/surgery\/\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">surgery<\/a> despite the use of advanced imaging techniques. 5&ndash;10% of biliary tract cancers (cholangiocarcinomas) arise from intrahepatic bile ducts, while 90&ndash;95% arise from extrahepatic bile ducts. The most typical finding of bile duct cancer is painless jaundice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"hrule clearfix\" style=\" height:1px\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"row\"> <div class=\"col-md-6  \">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&lt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/general-surgery-articles\/stomach\/stomach-anatomy\/\" title=\"Anatomy of the Stomach\">Anatomy of the Stomach<\/a>\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"col-md-6  \">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/general-surgery-articles\/gallbladder-and-extrahepatic-bile-ducts\/gallbladder-anatomy\/\" title=\"Anatomy of the Gallbladder\">Anatomy of the Gallbladder<\/a> &gt;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"hrule clearfix\" style=\" height:1px\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-16338-0-1\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div id=\"panel-16338-0-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_nav_menu panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"1\"><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-16338-0-1-0\"><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Bile Ducts<\/h3><ul id=\"menu-gallbladder-and-extrahepatic-bile-ducts\" class=\"menu\"><li class=\" menu-item-16354 menu-item menu-gallbladder-and-extrahepatic-bile-ducts-overview\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/general-surgery-articles\/gallbladder-and-extrahepatic-bile-ducts\/\"><span>Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Bile Ducts &ndash; Overview<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\" menu-item-16355 menu-item menu-anatomy-of-the-gallbladder\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/general-surgery-articles\/gallbladder-and-extrahepatic-bile-ducts\/gallbladder-anatomy\/\"><span>Anatomy of the Gallbladder<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\" menu-item-16356 menu-item menu-anatomy-of-the-extrahepatic-bile-ducts\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/general-surgery-articles\/gallbladder-and-extrahepatic-bile-ducts\/extrahepatic-bile-duct-anatomy\/\"><span>Anatomy of the Extrahepatic Bile Ducts<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Gallbladder and Bile Duct Anatomy Gallbladder Anatomy The gallbladder is a pear-shaped, 7-10 cm long, 30-50 ml capacity sac. The gallbladder is attached to the anterior and inferior surfaces of the liver. The gallbladder is histologically different from other &hellip; <a class=\"kt-excerpt-readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/www.turkcerrahi.com\/en\/general-surgery-articles\/gallbladder-and-extrahepatic-bile-ducts\/\" aria-label=\"Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Bile Ducts\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":15038,"menu_order":153,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-fullwidth.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16338","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gallbladder stones (cholelithiasis) are the most common gallbladder diseases, causes acute cholecystitis, obstructive jaundice and pancreatitis. 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